Hard hammer

• Heavily ground platforms

• Alar platform detachments

• Tendency for step and hinge termination, especially with copper

• Continuous platforms

• Thick, wedge-shaped flakes

• Distinct ripple marks

• Tendency for hinge termination

• Overshots are unusual with thin flakes

• Impacts offset from the core face plane

• Generally responsible for the thickest flakes

Soft hammer

• Arcuate platform detachment

• Light platform strengthening

• Isolated platforms

• Oval flake shape at late stage

• Subdued ripple marks

• Overshots are easily controlled

Indirect percussion (by rocker)

• Acute platform edge

• Wavered flake termination

• Broad flake initiation

• Feathered terminations on long flakes

• Low frequency of step or hinge termination

• Flat flake trajectory

• Thin flakes

• Overshots are possible, but are seldom prominent

Indirect percussion (by cylindrical or peg punch)

• Usually to produce blades from cores

• Lip initiation on blades

• Biface edges tend to stay in a plane

• Broad flake initiation

• Feathered flake termination

• Thin flakes at late stage

Pressure (by antler)

• Isolated spur platforms

• Light platform grinding

• Small step terminations

• Selective flake patterning common

• Subdued bulb of force

• Tight flake spacing possible

Pressure (by copper)

• Continuous platforms

• Ground platforms

• Serial flake patterning common

• Prominent bulb of force

• Tight flake spacing is possible